Well there's no set diagram like that for all FPS games as each game is gonna be different. For example some will have network, some won't.. some will use physics engines some wont... some will have terrain, some wont.
Are you just asking what things should you put into your FPS? It's really something you should plan out yourself i would think. Think about all the FPS games you've played and think about what features they have and then compile a list of features you'd like to have in your game and that you think you can implement.